Albania History, Language and Culture
History of Albania
Albania's history stretches back thousands of years, beginning with the Illyrians, an ancient people who inhabited the region. Under Greek and Roman influence, Albania became part of the Roman and later Byzantine Empires. Cities like Butrint thrived during these times, leaving behind impressive ruins that hint at a vibrant ancient culture.
Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Albania remained under Byzantine rule, blending Eastern Orthodox traditions with its Illyrian heritage. This era saw the construction of early Christian churches and fortresses, some of which still dot the landscape.
In the late 15th century, Albania fell under Ottoman control, an influence that shaped its culture, religion, and architecture for over four centuries. Skanderbeg, Albania's national hero, famously resisted Ottoman forces for decades. During WWII, Albania was occupied by Italian and German forces, but a strong partisan movement ultimately helped liberate the country in 1944.
Post-WWII, Albania entered a dark period under Enver Hoxha's communist regime, which isolated the country from the world. Marked by widespread oppression, economic stagnation, and a network of bunkers symbolising paranoia, the communist years left a lasting impact on the nation.
Since the fall of communism in 1991, Albania has transformed into a democratic republic, embracing tourism, trade, and infrastructure development. As it strengthens ties with Europe, the country continues to balance modern progress with its rich cultural heritage, offering visitors a glimpse into a nation on a dynamic path of transformation.
Did you know?
• Following the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939, King Zog fled the country and settled his bill at London's Ritz Hotel using gold bullion.
• In 1967, Albania declared itself the world's first atheist state, banning all religious practices. However, after the fall of communism in 1991, the country restored religious freedom.
• During the communist era, British comedian Sir Norman Wisdom's films were among the few Western movies allowed in Albania, leading to his status as a cult figure in the country.
Albania Culture
Religion in Albania
Sunni Muslims 45.86%, Roman Catholics 8.38%, Eastern Orthodox 7.22%, Bektashi Muslims 4.81%, Atheists 3.55%, Others 30%.
Social Conventions in Albania
Albanian society places great emphasis on hospitality, and visitors are often treated with warmth and generosity. It's customary for Albanians to offer food or drink to guests, and refusing this hospitality may be considered impolite. When visiting someone's home, bring a small gift such as flowers, chocolates, or a bottle of wine. Shoes are often removed before entering a home, so observe and follow your host's practice.
Respect for elders and family is deeply rooted in Albanian culture. Handshakes are the typical greeting among men, while kisses on the cheek are common between women and among close friends or family.
One unique aspect of Albanian communication is their use of head movements to express agreement or disagreement. Nodding the head up and down often means "no", while moving the head from side to side can mean "yes", which can be confusing for visitors. Observing the context and listening carefully can help avoid misunderstandings.
In daily interactions, Albanians appreciate politeness and friendliness. Saying "Faleminderit" (thank you) and "Ju lutem" (please) goes a long way in creating positive impressions.
Language in Albania
The official language of Albania is Albanian, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population. Albanian also has two main dialects: Gheg, spoken in the north, and Tosk, spoken in the south (Tosk is also the basis for the standard written language).
Other languages, such as Italian and Greek, are also spoken due to Albania's historical and cultural ties with these neighbouring countries.
English is becoming common, particularly among younger generations, in urban areas, and within the tourism sector.
Phrases
Hello: Përshëndetje (pehr-shen-DEH-tyeh)
Good morning: Mirëmëngjes (meer-mehn-JESS)
Goodbye: Mirupafshim (meer-oo-PAHF-sheem)
Please: Ju lutem (yoo LOO-tehm)
Thank you: Faleminderit (fah-leh-meen-DEH-reet)
Yes/ No: Po (poh)/ Jo (yoh)
Excuse me/Sorry: Më falni (muh FAHL-nee)
How much does this cost?: Sa kushton? (sah koosh-TON?)
Where is the toilet?: Ku është tualeti? (koo usht TOO-ah-LEH-tee?)
Help!: Ndihmë! (NDEEH-muh!)
