Sri Lanka Weather, climate and geography
Weather and climate
Best time to visit
Sri Lanka has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, influenced by two monsoons. Coastal areas generally experience warm temperatures around 28°C (82°F), while the central hill region is cooler, averaging 16–20°C (60–68°F). The best time to visit Sri Lanka depends on the region.
Southwest region (Colombo, Galle, Yala National Park)
The Yala monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the Southwest region from May to September, with some coastal areas experiencing rain until November. Therefore, the best time to visit the Southwest region is from December to April, when the weather is warm and dry. For example, Galle enjoys average highs of 29°C (84°F) during this period.
Northeast region (Trincomalee, Jaffna, Batticaloa)
The Maha monsoon brings frequent rain and storms to the northeast region from October to January. Therefore, the best time to visit the northeast region is from May to September, when the weather is sunny and dry.
The central hill region (Kandy, Ella, Nuwara Eliya, Horton Plains)
In the central hill region, the cooler climate makes it a refreshing escape from the coastal heat, with temperatures ranging between 23–26°C (73–79°F). The best time to visit this area is from January to March when the weather is mild and rainfall is at its lowest. However, October and November are the wettest months, with heavy rain expected.
Colombo
Colombo is hot, humid, and rainy year-round, with average highs of 30°C (87°F) and lows of 24°C (75°F). The city receives abundant rainfall from April to May and September to November.
Inter-monsoonal period
Sri Lanka also experiences an inter-monsoonal period (October–November), bringing frequent thunderstorms across the island. No matter when you visit, it's always a good idea to carry an umbrella or raincoat.
Required clothing
Lightweight, breathable cotton or linen clothing is ideal for Sri Lanka's warm, tropical climate, while a light jacket or sweater is useful for cooler hill country areas like Nuwara Eliya and Ella. Modest attire is expected at religious sites, so visitors should carry a scarf or shawl to cover their shoulders and wear longer skirts or trousers when visiting temples. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended for sightseeing, and a rain jacket or umbrella is advisable, especially during the monsoon season. Sun protection, including a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen, is essential for outdoor activities.
Geography
Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is located just southeast of the Indian subcontinent, separated by the Palk Strait. The country spans approximately 65,610 sq km (25,332 sq miles).
The island's topography is diverse, featuring three primary geographic zones:
• Central Highlands: A mountainous region that includes Sri Lanka's highest point, Pidurutalagala, which rises to 2,524 meters above sea level.
• Plains: Surrounding the central highlands are extensive plains that gently slope toward the coastline. These areas are vital for agriculture, benefiting from the rich alluvial soils deposited by numerous rivers originating in the highlands.
• Coastal Belt: Encircling the island, the coastal belt features a mix of sandy beaches, lagoons, and wetlands. The coastline stretches for about 1,585 km (985 miles), offering a variety of marine ecosystems and supporting a vibrant fishing industry.
The country's river systems, most notably the Mahaweli River, play a crucial role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. These waterways support agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which is a staple in the Sri Lankan diet.
