Getting Around Sri Lanka

Air

Utilising domestic air travel in Sri Lanka can significantly reduce travel times. Cinnamon Air provides scheduled flights to destinations such as Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Kandy, Sigiriya, and Hambantota, while FitsAir connects Colombo with Jaffna, Batticaloa, and Trincomalee.

Road

Sri Lanka has an extensive road network spanning approximately 114,093 km, making road travel the primary mode of transportation for both locals and visitors.

Driving in Sri Lanka can be challenging for visitors due to varying driving habits and road conditions. Those unfamiliar with local driving customs should consider hiring a local driver. Urban centres, particularly Colombo, experience significant traffic congestion during peak hours.

Side of the road

Road Quality

Road conditions vary across Sri Lanka. Major coastal highways and expressways are modern and well-maintained, while some mountain roads may be narrow and riddled with potholes. Roadworks are common, reflecting the country's ongoing infrastructure development.

Road Classification

A-Grade Roads: These are national highways managed by the Road Development Authority (RDA), connecting major cities and facilitating high-traffic movement.

B-Grade Roads: Serving as feeder roads to A-Grade highways, they link smaller towns and regions.

Expressways (E-Grade): High-speed routes designed for efficient long-distance travel, such as the Colombo–Matara Expressway.

Car Hire

Several reputable car rental companies operate in Sri Lanka, offering a range of vehicles to suit different needs.

Driving in Sri Lanka can be challenging due to varying road conditions, local driving habits, traffic congestion, and documentation required. Therefore, visitors are encouraged to consider hiring a vehicle with a professional driver.

Taxi

In Sri Lanka, official taxis are typically identifiable by their company logos and contact information displayed on the vehicle. However, unmarked taxis are also aplenty.

Taxis in cities are equipped with meters, but their usage isn't always consistent. Some drivers may prefer to negotiate a fare upfront, especially for longer distances or during peak hours. Tipping taxi drivers is not mandatory, but is appreciated.

Ride-sharing services are available in Sri Lanka. Uber operates primarily in Colombo and Kandy. PickMe, a popular local app, provides services across various regions and has options for cars, bikes, and tuk-tuks.

Bike

Several tour operators provide guided cycling tours, enabling visitors to traverse significant portions of the island. These tours often combine cycling with cultural experiences, wildlife safaris, and culinary explorations, offering a comprehensive way to experience Sri Lanka's rich heritage and natural beauty.

Coach

The Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB) operates government-run buses, ensuring connectivity across the country, including remote areas. These buses are a staple of public transportation, and tickets can be purchased directly at bus stations or through the SLTB's online booking platform, eSeat.lk.

In addition, several private operators run intercity coach services, often providing more comfort and convenience. Some companies, such as NCG Express, allow passengers to book tickets online in advance, making travel planning easier. Platforms like BusSeat.lk also aggregate multiple services, allowing travellers to compare routes, schedules, and fares before making a reservation.

Comfort levels vary between operators. When booking a ticket, especially for long-distance journeys, it is advisable to check what amenities are included to ensure a comfortable trip.

Regulations

Seat belts are mandatory for all passengers, and motorcyclists must always wear helmets. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit is 0.05%, and authorities conduct random checks, especially in urban areas. Speed limits are generally 100 km/h (62 mph) on highways and 50 km/h (31 mph) in urban areas, though drivers should remain alert for signage indicating specific restrictions.

Breakdown services

The Automobile Association of Ceylon (AAC) offers a national breakdown service.

Documentation

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is required and should be obtained before arriving in the country, as it serves as a translation of the driver's home country licence. In addition to the IDP, drivers must also obtain a Sri Lankan Recognition Permit, which can be acquired through the Automobile Association of Ceylon (AAC) or the Department of Motor Traffic in Colombo. This process typically involves presenting the IDP, passport, and paying a fee. Additionally, all vehicles must be covered by valid insurance recognised in Sri Lanka. It is advisable to carry these documents while driving, as local authorities may request them during routine checks.

Urban travel

In Sri Lanka, buses are the primary mode of transport in almost every city, offering an affordable but often crowded means of travel. In Colombo, the country's bustling commercial capital, the public transport system is extensive. The main bus terminals—Bastian Mawatha, Central, and Gunasinghapura—are located in the Pettah area, providing connections across the city and its suburbs.

Auto rickshaws (tuk-tuks) are also widely available and offer a quick way to navigate through traffic. However, it is advisable to negotiate fares in advance or ensure the meter is used to avoid overcharging.

For a more comfortable option, visitors should consider taxis or ride-sharing apps like Uber and PickMe, which provide greater convenience and transparent pricing.

Rail

Sri Lanka Railways manages a network of approximately 1,611 km, connecting major cities and regions. Several popular railway lines radiate from Colombo, providing access to different parts of the country. Train classes range from basic third-class compartments to more comfortable first-class options, some of which include air conditioning and observation saloons for enhanced scenic viewing.

Popular train routes include:
• Colombo to Kandy – This historic route takes passengers from the coastal plains of Colombo to the lush hills of Kandy, offering picturesque views along the way.
• Kandy to Badulla via Ella – Often hailed as one of the most scenic train rides in the world, this journey winds through the central highlands, showcasing rolling tea plantations, mist-covered mountains, and iconic landmarks like the Nine Arch Bridge.
• Colombo to Galle – Following Sri Lanka's southwestern coastline, this route offers panoramic views of the Indian Ocean, palm-fringed beaches, and charming fishing villages.
• Anuradhapura to Jaffna – Connecting the ancient city of Anuradhapura to the northern city of Jaffna, this route traverses diverse landscapes and provides insights into the unique cultural heritage of the northern region.

Visitors can book train tickets online at Sri Lanka Railways' official reservation site. Do note that trains are sometimes delayed, so travellers should maintain a flexible itinerary.