Getting Around Eswatini (Swaziland)

Air

Road

Eswatini's compact size and well-maintained road network make road travel the most practical and popular way to explore the country. Most destinations are within a two-to-three-hour drive of each other. For instance, the journey from Mbabane (the administrative capital) to Manzini (the largest city) takes about 40 minutes, while from Manzini to Mkhaya Game Reserve takes roughly 1.5 hours.

The MR3 and MR8 are two primary roads worth mentioning. The MR3 connects the eastern and western parts of Eswatini, passing through key towns such as Mbabane, Manzini, and Siteki. The MR8, on the other hand, runs south from Manzini to the border with South Africa at Lavumisa. These routes are generally in good condition and provide efficient links between urban centres and popular attractions.

Fuel stations are available in towns and along highways, but it is wise to fill up before venturing into remote areas.

Side of the road

Road Quality

The main roads, including highways connecting cities such as Mbabane, Manzini, and the borders, are paved and generally in good condition. However, rural areas may have gravel or dirt roads, which can be challenging to navigate during the rainy season.

Car Hire

There are a number of car hire companies. Most rental agencies require an international driving permit.

Taxi

Metered taxis are uncommon, but private taxis can be hired in urban areas like Mbabane or Manzini. Fares should be agreed upon in advance. Tipping taxi drivers is not expected, but rounding up the fare to the nearest convenient amount is a polite gesture.

Kombis, Eswatini's shared minibus taxis, are the most common form of public transport for locals and a budget-friendly way to get around. They operate on fixed routes between towns and villages, though their schedules are flexible and often depend on demand. To catch a kombi, head to a designated taxi rank in towns or simply flag one down along the roadside on its route. Be prepared for a crowded ride, as kombis typically wait to fill up before departing. Fares are affordable, but exact change is usually required. Tipping kombi drivers is not expected.

Coach

Inter-city buses and coaches connect major hubs like Mbabane, Manzini, and Siteki, with departures from central bus ranks in each town. While they are a cost-effective option, they often lack fixed schedules and wait until they are sufficiently full before departing. Also, the buses are generally older and may not offer the level of comfort expected by tourists accustomed to modern coaches. Tickets can be bought on board.

Regulations

The use of seat belts is mandatory for all occupants of a vehicle, and using a mobile phone while driving is prohibited unless a hands-free device is employed. Pedestrians have the right-of-way at designated crossings; drivers are expected to yield to pedestrians at these points. Drivers should also familiarise themselves with local traffic signs, which conform to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) standards.

While the general speed limits are 120kph (75mph) on highways, 80kph (50mph) on rural roads, and 60kph (37mph) on urban areas, they do vary depending on the area and road conditions. It is essential to observe posted speed limit signs.

Documentation

Drivers should always carry a valid driver's license, vehicle registration documents, and proof of insurance. If a driver's licence isn't in English, an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with the original licence is required when driving in Eswatini.

Urban travel

Kombis are the most common way to get around cities and towns in Eswatini. These shared minibus taxis are widely used by locals due to their affordability and availability. They operate on fixed routes within urban areas and between nearby towns, picking up and dropping off passengers along the way.

Rail